Method and system for automated tracing of an agricultural product

ABSTRACT

Crop information related to a particular crop is collected and stored in data storage during the performance of an agricultural operation. A harvested particular crop is segregated from all other genetically distinct crops by storing the particular harvested crops in one or more segregated storage volumes for storing the particular crop. Each segregated storage volume has a corresponding storage identifier. An electronically accessible data profile, associated with the particular crop, is provided or made available to a user. The data profile includes the collected crop information.

[0001] This document claims priority based on U.S. provisionalapplication serial No. 60/366,181, filed Mar. 20, 2002, and entitledMETHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED TRACING OF A CROP, under 35 U.S.C.119(e).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to a method and system forautomated tracing of a crop or an agricultural product.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Current crop production, transportation and handling systems arelargely based on a bulk commodity or any other fixed or mobile containerfor holding a crop or agricultural product approach. Harvestingmachines, such as combines, are used to harvest crops and also toseparate the crop (i.e. grain, beans, seeds, or the like) from theremainder of the plant material. The crop is off-loaded from theharvesting machine into a cart, truck trailer, or another transportationdevice and transported to a farm storage facility, local elevator, cropprocessor, or another destination. At the farm storage facility, thecrop may be dried and stored in a bin for later use or transport fromthe farm. At the local elevator, the crop may be dried, cleaned, andstored, for example. The crop is later transported by any available modeof conveyance (e.g., truck, rail or barge) to a subsequent destination,such as a crop processor (e.g., a flour mill) or to a terminal elevatorfor further transport.

[0004] The bulk commodity system is highly efficient at moving largequantities of agricultural commodities or generally ubiquitous crops.One drawback of the bulk commodity approach is the limited ability todifferentiate crops based on various crop characteristics. For the mostpart, crops are graded and classified according to a U.S. Department ofAgriculture Standard (U.S.D.A.), which may be used as a board of tradeclassification. For example, much corn is graded as number two yellowcorn and meets the minimum characteristics established by the U.S.D.A.for that classification.

[0005] However there are crop characteristics, other than thosepresently used by the U.S.D.A. and board of trade classifications, thatcrop processors and food producers seek to utilize in food or otherproduct production processes. Recent advances in plant science haveproduced crops having differentiated output traits. For example, cornmay be classified as high oil corn, high starch corn, waxy corn, highlyfermentable corn, white corn, nutritionally-enhanced corn,pest-resistant corn (e.g., bachillus thuringensis (BT) corn, which isresistant to corn borer), herbicide-resistant or enhancedherbicide-tolerant corn (e.g., ROUNDUP READY™ corn; ROUNDUP READY is atrademark of Monsanto Company), non-genetically modified (i.e., non-GMO)corn, and genetically modified corn (i.e., GMO corn). Similarly,soybeans may be classified as high protein soybeans, high oil soybeans,large soybeans, non-genetically modified soybeans, herbicide-resistantsoybeans or enhanced herbicide-resistant corn (e.g., ROUNDUP READY™soybeans), and genetically modified soybeans.

[0006] Other crops have been developed for certain pharmaceutical ornutriceutical properties. For example, certain crops are geneticallymodified through biotechnology to provide therapeutic properties ormedicinal compounds. While these genetically modified (GMO) cropsprovide benefits to producers and/or consumers, some consumers prefer toavoid food products made from genetically modified crop ingredients. Inresponse, certain regulators (e.g., European regulators) have adopted,or are considering, regulations that require food products to be labeledto indicate the presence and/or absence of GMO ingredients. The demandto certify crops as being not genetically modified or “non-GMO” hasprimarily been met by manual documentation processes.

[0007] Other consumers desire food products that are producedorganically. Organic crops are generally grown without exposure tocertain herbicides, fertilizers, insecticides, plant hormones, or otherchemicals that might otherwise be used in conventional farmingtechniques. Organic food production largely avoids the bulk commoditysystem due to small volumes and the inability to properly segregateorganically produced products from non-organically produced products.Many organic crops are produced under contract and delivered from thefarm directly to the processor. These crops do not travel through thebulk commodity system. With respect to organic foods, it is necessary tomaintain extensive documentation to certify the crop as organicallyproduced. Such documentation is largely gathered through time intensivemanual processes.

[0008] It is necessary to gather and maintain information aboutdifferentiated crop traits to realize added value from these traits. Tofacilitate the large-scale production, transportation, and use of cropswith differentiated characteristics, a method and system is needed toautomatically gather crop data and to make the information accessible todownstream users.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] In accordance with a method and system of tracing an agriculturalproduct, crop information related to a particular crop is collected andstored in data storage during the performance of an agriculturaloperation. A harvested particular crop is segregated from all othergenetically distinct crops by storing the particular harvested crops inone or more segregated storage volumes for storing the particular crop.Each segregated storage volume has a corresponding storage identifier.An electronically accessible data profile, associated with theparticular crop, is provided or made available to a user. The dataprofile includes the collected crop information.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system fortracing of an agricultural product.

[0011]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a system fortracing an agricultural product.

[0012]FIG. 3 is a block diagram of yet another embodiment of a systemfor tracing an agricultural product.

[0013]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a first illustrative example of agrower data processing system associated with a system for tracing anagricultural product.

[0014]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a second illustrative example of agrower data processing system associated with a system for tracing anagricultural product.

[0015]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an illustrative example of aprocessor data processing system associated with a system for tracing anagricultural product.

[0016]FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for automated tracing of anagricultural product.

[0017]FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an alternate method for tracing of anagricultural product.

[0018]FIG. 9 is a flow chart of another method for tracing anagricultural product.

[0019]FIG. 10 is a flow chart of yet another method for tracing anagricultural product.

[0020]FIG. 11 is a flow chart of still another method for tracing anagricultural product.

[0021]FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the various types of productioninformation that may be combined to produce the data profile (e.g., acollective data profile).

[0022]FIG. 13 is an illustrative example of the planting information.

[0023]FIG. 14 is an example of the harvesting information.

[0024]FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of producer, processor andmanufacturer collecting and adding information to the data profile anddelivery of all or part of the data profile (e.g., collective dataprofile) to a consumer.

[0025]FIG. 16 is an example of the processing information.

[0026]FIG. 17 is an example of a filtered or selected portion of thedata profile as it may be displayed on a display.

[0027]FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of information collectionduring a planting operation.

[0028]FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration of one method of collectingseed information or other planting or pre-planting information.

[0029]FIG. 20 is perspective view of a row unit of a planterillustrating an alternative method of collecting seed information.

[0030]FIG. 21 is a schematic illustration of information collectionduring a harvesting operation.

[0031]FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of a combine informationcollection system.

[0032]FIG. 23 is a plan view of a harvesting operation with a combineunloading into a grain cart.

[0033]FIG. 24 is a schematic illustration of a harvesting operation witha container being loaded from a grain cart.

[0034]FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 15 showing theaddition of adjacent field information to the collective data profile.

[0035]FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 15 showing theaddition of seed production information to the data profile and use ofthe seed information by the producer.

[0036]FIG. 27 is a schematic illustration of a method of collecting seedand pre-planting or planting information for individual transplants.

[0037]FIG. 28 is a schematic illustration of a method of collecting seedand pre-planting or planting information for a multitude of transplants.

[0038]FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of an alternative informationdelivery system.

[0039]FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of another alternative informationdelivery system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0040] An agricultural product includes, but is not limited to, a crop,a derivative of a crop, an extract from a crop, an intermediate product,and a final product. A crop may include, but is not limited to, any ofthe following: an organic crop, an organically grown vegetable, anorganically grown fruit, number two yellow corn, high oil corn, highstarch corn, waxy corn, highly fermentable corn, white corn,nutritionally-enhanced corn, pest-resistant corn, corn resistant to cornearworms, herbicide resistant corn, non-genetically modified corn, andgenetically modified corn, corn with genetically altered proteincontent, corn with genetically altered enzyme content, high proteinsoybeans, high oil soybeans, large soybeans, non-genetically modifiedsoybeans, and genetically modified soybeans, and any other cropattributes.

[0041] Crop information or crop data includes, but is not limited to,genetic data and production data on a crop or an agricultural product.Production information may include any of the following: pre-plantinginformation, planting information, growing information, adjacent-fieldinformation, adjacent crop information, harvesting information, chemicalapplication information, weather information and location data.

[0042] A defined geographic area refers to one or more of the following:a field location, a sub-field location, geographic coordinates definingthe field location, geographic coordinates defining the sub-fieldlocation, geographic coordinates defining the boundary of a regionassociated with a particular crop, and geographic coordinates definingthe boundary of a region associated with an adjacent crop.

[0043] The location data may be associated with other correspondingproduction information to provide location data versus plantinginformation, location data versus growing information, location dataversus chemical application information, location data versus adjacentfield information, location data versus adjacent crop information, andlocation data versus weather information. The location data and othercorresponding production information may be stored in data storage orcomputer memory in the form of a look-up table, a relational database,or otherwise.

[0044] The pre-planting information relates to any of the following:historical planting information, historical growing information,historical harvesting information, and historical chemical applicationinformation. Further, the pre-planting information may, but need not,relate to the genetic data on the seeds or plant life. The plantinginformation includes information such as the seed variety, the seedsource, the location where the seed is planted, the date planted, soilcondition, soil factor values, settings of the planting machinery andany chemicals applied at the time of planting, and other agronomicfactors. The seed variety information can be obtained from the seedsupplier, supplier invoice, receipt, documentation, seed contract, theseed bag or another container in which the seed is delivered.

[0045] The growing information on growing of the crop may be collectedduring the growing of the crop. The growing information may include oneor more of the following: chemical data, fertilizer data, nutrient data,pesticide data, herbicide data, fungicide data, irrigation data, waterdata, temperature data, sunlight data, growing degree day data; rate ofapplication of at least one of a chemical, fertilizer, nutrient,pesticide, herbicide, fungicide, water, or another crop input; and rateof application versus location of application of a least one of achemical, fertilizer, nutrient, pesticide, herbicide, fungicide, water,or another crop input. The weather information may include dailytemperature, daily precipitation, weekly temperature, weeklyprecipitation, or temperature or precipitation for other time periods,for example.

[0046] Harvesting information includes information such as theharvesting date, the harvesting location, yield of the harvestedparticular crop, moisture content of the harvested particular crop, thephysical condition of the harvested particular crop, various settings ofthe harvesting machinery or machine, a measure of a particular trait orcharacteristic of the crop, and an storage identifier of one or morestorage volumes into which the harvested particular crop is or wasloaded. If a data profile contains different classifications (e.g.,planting information, growing information, and harvesting information,chemical application information, and weather information) of crop dataor a combination of production information, processing information, andmanufacturing information, the data profile may be referred to as acollective data profile or a data profile.

[0047] Chemical information may include an identity of a chemical,identity of a compound, identity of a formulation or treatment,fertilizer data, insecticide data, herbicide data, a rate of applicationof the chemical, a concentration of the chemical, a manufacturer of thechemical, the solubility of the chemical, a measure of acidity oralkalinity of the chemical, or other chemical-related information. Oneor more chemicals or compounds may be applied before, after or duringthe planting of a particular crop or a precursor to the particular crop.

[0048] A data profile may represent a description or definition of aparticular crop, a derivative product derived from the particular crop,or a final product derived from the particular crop. The data profilemay have a temporal component (e.g., growing season or time spanassociated with the particular crop), a geographic component (e.g., aplanting location and harvesting location of the particular crop), and adescriptive component (e.g., a characteristic of the particular crop).

[0049] The terms “seed” and “seed stock” are to be broadly interpretedherein to include anything set in place to grow a crop. Accordingly, theterm “seed” includes seeds, seedlings, transplants, grafts, spores, canebillets, seed potatoes, and other immature plant-life withoutlimitation. In the case of a flat of seedlings, seed and sourceinformation may be contained in a barcode or a radio frequency (RF) tagon the flat. For larger transplants, individual plants may have abarcode or an RF tag.

[0050] Where the term “field” is used herein, it is to be broadlyinterpreted to include any area where a crop is produced such as an openfield, an orchard, a groove, a forest, a hothouse, an indoor cropproduction facility, or another suitable crop growing area withoutlimitation. Planting in soil is also not required. The plants or seedsmay be grown hydroponically, with or without a medium to providemechanical support of the plant.

[0051] As used herein, a storage volume or segregated storage means maycomprise any of the following: a container, an inter-modal freightcontainer, a segregated storage bin, a segregated storage bin of a grainelevator, and any other fixed or mobile container for holding a crop oragricultural product.

[0052] In one embodiment, the crop tracing method and system of thepresent invention traces the crop through the agricultural productionprocess. The production process may include any of the followingagricultural activities and associated production information: theplanting of the seed, the harvesting of the mature crop, chemicalapplication before or after planting, weather information during thegrowing season, mechanical soil treatment, and other agronomic inputs.Different production information may be processed (e.g., combined,arranged, and filtered) to provide a data profile for the harvested cropor agricultural product. The data profile is associated with a storageidentifier of each storage volume (e.g., container) into which the cropis placed. The data profile and the associated storage identifier (e.g.,container identifier) are maintained in a data storage device or in adatabase. For example, the database can be maintained by a producer atthe farm office, by an information service provider, or by both theproducer and the information service provider. An information serviceprovider (or holder of data profiles) operates a data service (e.g., aweb site) accessible via a communications network (e.g., the Internet)to enable information to be easily transferred to the informationservice provider and accessed by others (e.g., downstream supply-chainmembers or consumers). The producer (i.e., grower) can use the dataprofile to market or sell the crop and can also deliver the data profileto a purchaser of the crop or to a downstream users of the crop so theusers can obtain an agricultural product with verification and/or a highdegree of confidence that a desired differentiated attribute is present.

[0053]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for tracing an agriculturalproduct or crop. The system comprises a grower data processing system(310 or 410) that collects crop data (e.g., a data profile or productioninformation) and facilitates transfer of the crop data to a datamanagement system 350. The data management system 350 supportscommunications with any of the following: the data storage device 351, asubscriber terminal 352, a processor terminal, a manufacturer terminal,a retailer terminal, and a consumer terminal. The subscriber of thesubscriber terminal 352 may include, but is not limited to, a processor,a manufacturer, a retailer, a consumer, and other downstream users ofthe agricultural product or a derivative thereof. A communicationsnetwork 348 (e.g., Internet) or another communications link supportscommunications between the data management system 350 and one or moresubscriber terminals 352.

[0054] In one embodiment, the grower data processing system (310 or 410)is associated with or mounted on an agricultural machine 311 forplanting a crop, harvesting a crop, tending plants or engaging in otheragricultural activities. The agricultural machine 311 may comprise aharvester, a tractor, a planter, a planting machine, a harvestingmachine, a picker, a mower, a combine, a thresher, or another type ofagricultural equipment. The agricultural machine 311 may provide ahousing or other mounting provisions for the grower data processingsystem (310 or 410). The grower data processing system (310 or 410)facilitates collection of crop data during one or more of the followingactivities: pre-planting, planting, growing, harvesting, andpost-harvesting activities. The communications between the grower dataprocessing system (310 or 410) and data management system 350 may takeplace via wires, cable, optical cable, magnetic storage medium, opticalstorage medium, wireline, wireless, or another data transfer technique.For example, a grower or another user may store crop or profile data ona storage medium (e.g., optical disk) via the grower data processingsystem 310; and the user may bring the stored crop data or profile datato the data management system 350 for reading of the storage medium bythe data management system 350.

[0055] The subscriber terminal 352 may represent a processor terminal, amanufacturer terminal, a retailer terminal or another terminal orcomputer arranged to generate requests or queries of the data storagedevice 351. The subscriber terminal 352 may support the display orprovision of data from the data management system 350 in reply to a userquery. Although the subscriber terminals 352 may not be configured toadd or append data to the data profile or the database, in an alternateembodiment, one or more particular subscriber terminals may beauthorized to change, add, or append the data profile.

[0056] The system of FIG. 2 is similar to the system of FIG. 1 exceptthe system of FIG. 2 includes a grower transceiver 605, a wirelessinterface 601, and additional data processing systems (434 and 435).Like reference numbers in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 indicate like elements.

[0057] The grower data processing system 310 provides crop data (e.g., adata profile) to the grower transceiver 605. In turn, the growertransceiver communicates with a transceiver 602 of the wirelessinterface 601 via an electromagnetic signal (e.g., radio frequencysignal). The wireless interface 601 interfaces the grower dataprocessing system (310 or 410) to the communications network 348 tosupport communications between the grower data processing system (310 or410) and the data management system 350. One or more additional dataprocessing systems (434 and 435) may communicate with the datamanagement system 350 via the communications network 348. For example,additional data processing systems may include a processor dataprocessing system 434, a manufacturer data processing system 435, orboth.

[0058] The grower data processing system (310 or 410) supportscollection of (e.g., and entry of) crop data (e.g., production data).The grower data processing system may form a data profile from the cropdata. The manufacturer data processing system 435 supports collectionand entry of manufacturing information. The processor data processingsystem 434 supports collection and entry of processing information. Thegrower data processing system (310 or 410), the processor dataprocessing system 434, and the manufacturer data processing system 435permit a user to enter information to edit, revise, add to, append, orotherwise write to the data profile stored in the data storage device351 (e.g., database). The data profile describes an agriculturalproduct. In contrast, the subscriber terminal 352 or an associatedauthentication module 433 (FIG. 4) in the data management system 350 maylimit authorization and access to a user or subscriber such that a usermay only read the data profile and may not edit, revise, add to, append,or otherwise write to the data profile in the data storage device.

[0059] In an alternate embodiment, any of the subscriber terminal 352,the processor data processing system 434, the manufacturer dataprocessing system 435 may be configured with variable degrees of accessto information from the data management system 350 via an authenticationmodule 433 (FIG. 4) of the data management system 350, for example. Theuser may need to enter a password and a log-in identifier, which isevaluated by the authentication module 433, for one or more levels ofaccess to the data profile, or a filtered version of the data profile, arestricted version of the data profile, or an accessible portion of thedata profile.

[0060] The grower data processing system (310 or 410) includes atransmitter or a transceiver for electromagnetically communicatingprofile data and storage identifier data to the wireless interface 601.The transmitter or transceiver 605 of the grower data processing system(310 or 410) may transmit the profile data and the storage identifier ona periodic basis or on a batch basis, for example. The grower dataprocessing system (310 or 410) may send repeat transmissions of the dataprofile data and the storage identifier or a training sequence, if thegrower data processing system (310 or 410) does not receive a properacknowledgment of a successful transmission from the wireless interface601.

[0061] In one embodiment, wireless interface 601 comprises a primarytransceiver 602 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), a datamanager 603, and a secondary transceiver 604 (e.g., a wireline or anoptical transceiver). The primary transceiver 602 receives a transmitteddata profile and storage identifier from the grower data processingsystem (310 or 410) and may send an acknowledgement of receipt back togrower transceiver 605 of the grower data processing system (310 or410). The primary transceiver 602 sends the received data profile andcorresponding storage identifier to the data manager 603. The datamanager 603 may store the received data profile and the storageidentifier to accumulate a proper payload for transmission to the datamanagement system 350. The data manager 603 may authorize transmissionof the received data profile and the corresponding storage identifierfor arrival at the data management system 350 for availability to thepurchaser, processor, manufacturer or other subscriber prior to orsimultaneous with the subscriber's receipt of the crop agriculturalproduct (e.g. crop) or the container carrying the agriculturallyproduct. The electromagnetic communications between the grower dataprocessing system (310 or 410) and the wireless interface 601 may employunlicensed 2 GHz spread-spectrum modulation, an unlicensed infra-redcommunications protocol, BlueTooth, analog modulation, digitalmodulation (e.g., time-division multiple access or code-divisionmultiple access), or any other suitable communications technique.

[0062] In one embodiment, the wireless interface 601 supports seamlesstransfer of profile data and corresponding storage identifier data fromthe agricultural machine 311 to the data management system 350. Thegrower data processing system (310 or 410) may be programmed to send aload of data profile and corresponding storage identifier data prior to,simultaneously with, or after shutting-down the agricultural machine311, whenever any new data profile is created or following theoccurrence of a triggering event, such as the planting of a particularcrop, the growing treatment of a particular crop, chemical applicationto a particular crop, and harvesting of a particular crop.

[0063] In an alternate embodiment, the wireless interface 601 comprisesa primary receiver, a primary transmitter, a data manager 603, asecondary transmitter, and a secondary receiver. The primary receiverand primary transmitter replace the primary transceiver 602; thesecondary transmitter and secondary receiver replace the secondarytransceiver, 604. Although the primary transmitter and the secondaryreceiver could be eliminated in the alternate embodiment, uponelimination no feedback or acknowledgement transmission would bereceived at the grower data processing system (310 or 410).

[0064]FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a system which is similar to that ofFIG. 2 except the system of FIG. 3 deletes the grower transceiver 605,deletes the wireless interface 601 and adds a farm management system313. Like reference numbers in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 indicate like elements.

[0065] The farm management system 313 may support wireless, wireline,disk transfer, optical medium transfer, magnetic medium transfer or anyother method for transferring data from the grower processing system(310 or 410) to the farm management system 313. If the farm managementsystem 313 communicates with the grower data processing system (310 or410) via a wireless communications link, the grower data processingsystem (310 or 410) may be coupled to a grower transceiver 605. The farmmanagement system 313 may comprise a legacy or preexisting computersystem that has access to a communications network 348 (e.g., access tothe Internet via an Internet Service Provider (ISP)). The farmmanagement system 313 may relay, forward, or otherwise send collectedinformation (e.g., a data profile and storage identifier) to the datamanagement system 350 via the communications network 348, postalservice, or otherwise. The postal service may be used in remoteagricultural areas where Internet access is not readily available oranywhere where Internet access is not desired by the grower.

[0066] For example, after completing any pre-planting, planting,growing, harvesting, or shipping activity, a grower or producer couldsave the profile data and storage identifier to an optical or magneticstorage medium which is compatible with the farm management system 313or a general purpose computer with communications software (e.g., a webbrowser). The producer or grower would then log onto a communicationsinterface of the data management system 350, send an Email transmission(e.g., containing a data file) of the profile and storage identifier, orotherwise transfer the profile data and associated storage identifier tothe data management system 350 for storage in the data storage device351 (e.g., a database). Although the data storage device 351 is shown asa centralized data storage device, in an alternate embodiment the dataprofiles 338 and corresponding storage identifiers 344 may be stored ona distributed basis and accessed by the data management system 351through the communications network or otherwise.

[0067] In an alternate embodiment, the grower data processing system(310 or 410) and the farm management system 313 may communicate withwireless data modems or wireless data transceivers to facilitateseamless communications of the data profile or other crop data from theagricultural machine 311 to the farm management system 313 after thegrower performs key tasks with respect to agricultural and agronomicactivities.

[0068] In FIG. 4, a system for tracing of an agricultural productcomprises a grower data processing system 410 that is capable ofcommunicating with a data management system 350 via wireline, wireless,a data network, a communications network, or other transfer technique.In turn, a subscriber terminal 352 communicates with the data managementsystem 350 via a communications network 348. The grower data processingsystem 410 comprises one or more data inputs 412 coupled to a datacollection interface 326. The data collection interface 326, a datastorage device 332, a data processor 334, and a transmitter 346 arecoupled to a databus 426.

[0069] The data management system 350 includes a data receiver 428 forproviding received data to a data storage manager 430 or the datastorage device 351. In one embodiment, the data receiver 428 receivesone or more data profiles from the grower data processing system (310 or410). The data storage manager 430 may store the received data profilesof particular crops associated with corresponding geographic areas. Inanother embodiment, the data receiver 428 receives adjacent cropinformation regarding an adjacent crop in an adjacent location withrespect to the particular crop. The data storage manager 430 may combinethe adjacent crop information into the data profile for the particularcrop.

[0070] The data receiver 428 may receive a storage identifier and arequest for data profile information related to a particular cropassociated with the corresponding identifier. A data retriever 432accesses the data storage device 351 to retrieve stored data in the datastorage device 351 to reply to an authorized request of a subscribersubmitted via a subscriber terminal 352. The data retriever 432 mayretrieve at least a portion of the requested information or the dataauthentication module 433 may prohibit or restrict access to therequested information or a portion of the restricted informationconsistent with a security scheme. The data retriever 432 may uselocation data associated with the storage identifier to find relatedplanting data and related harvesting data for the particular cropassociated with a defined geographic area. The data transmitter 437 ofthe data management system 350 may transmit or otherwise output at leasta portion of the requested information. The request to the data receiver428 and the corresponding output information from the transmitter 437may include one or more of the following related to a particular crop,an agricultural product, or a derivative thereof: productioninformation, processing information, manufacturing information, retailinformation, and packaging information.

[0071] In general, data input devices 412 refer to any input device forproviding or facilitating the collection of one or more of the followingtypes of input data: geographic information, pre-planting information,planting information, growing information, harvesting information,chemical information, machine electronics information, sensorinformation, container identifier information, and weather information.The input data may relate to the characteristics of the particular cropassociated with a defined geographic area for the same growing season.During planting, growing, or harvesting operations, alocation-determining receiver 314 (e.g., a Global Positioning Receiver(GPS) with differential connection or a differential correctionreceiver) may provide geographic information on the location of anagricultural machine 311 or location data versus time data of theagricultural machine 311, on which the location-determining receiver 314is mounted. The location-determining receiver 314 is adapted to be usedduring planting and harvesting operations to receive signals fordetermining a planting location data and harvesting location data forthe particular crop. In one embodiment, the location-determiningreceiver 314 with differential correction is associated with a guidancesystem of the agricultural machine 311 for guiding the agriculturalmachine 311 in a generally linear manner in a series of substantiallyparallel rows.

[0072] During planting operations, the planting information input device416 may provide planting information or planting information versuslocation data associated with the planting of a seed or anotherprecursor to an agricultural product or a crop. During growingoperations, the growing information input device 418 may provide growinginformation or growing information versus location data associated withgrowing and maintenance of an agricultural product or crop. Duringharvesting operations, the harvesting information input device 420 mayprovide harvesting information or harvesting information versus locationdata associated with growing and maintenance of an agricultural productor crop. During or after harvesting operations, a containeridentification device 424 (e.g., optical, radio frequency, orelectromagnetic detector or reader) supports identification of storagevolumes (e.g., containers) to distinguish one storage volume (e.g.,container) for holding the crop from another storage volume. The storagevolume may comprise a container, a segregated storage bin, or any othermobile or stationary container for storing an agricultural product orcrop.

[0073] The data collection interface 326 receives the input data fromone or more of the foregoing data inputs 412. The data processor 334 mayarrange or organize the input data prior to storing the input data inthe data storage 332 or transferring the input data to another addressor device. In one embodiment, the arranged input data may be referred toas a data profile. The data storage device 332 stores or electronicallyrecords at least one of crop information, planting information, plantinglocation data, growing information, harvesting information, harvestinglocation data, processing information chemical application information,and weather information about the characteristics of a particular cropfrom a defined geographic area.

[0074] The transmitter 346 or another information transfer device iscapable of transmitting the electronic data profile or a componentthereof to the data management system 350, via one of several alternatetechniques. The data management system 350 may be remotely situated fromthe agricultural machine 311 and the transmitter 346 associatedtherewith. The transmitted component of the data profile may include aplanting location, a harvesting location, the planting information(e.g., collected seed information), the harvesting information, the cropinformation, and the container identifier. Under a first technique, thetransmitter 346 represents a transmitter for transmitting data overwires, a cable, optical cable, a microwave link, or anothercommunications line. Under a second technique, the transmitter 346represents a wireless transmitter for transmitting data to a receiver ortransceiver associated with the remote data management system 350. Undera third technique, the transmitter 346 represents a data writing device,a data recording device, a magnetic recording device or an opticalrecording device for recording or down-loading the data profile on aportable storage medium, such as a magnetic disk, a floppy disk, anoptical disk, or a magnetic tape. The user may then physicallytransport, send or move the portable storage medium to a remote locationof the data management system 350. At the data management system 350,the gathered profile data is up-loaded or transmitted to the remote datamanagement system 350 via a magnetic reading device or an opticalreading device for reading the storage medium.

[0075] The data management system 350 may comprise a database managementsystem for archiving one or more data profiles. In one embodiment, eachdata profile is associated with a particular crop from a definedgeographic area. The data management system 350 makes available at leasta portion of the data profile to a user, a subscriber, or recipient ofparticular crop and a derivative product thereof. A subscriber or usermay request data profile or a portion of a data profile on a particularcrop or a particular agricultural product by sending an electronicrequest from a subscriber terminal 352 to the data management system 350via a communications network 348 (e.g., the Internet). At the datamanagement system 350, a data retriever 432 or request handler mayreceive the request. The authentication module 433 may authenticate auser identity, a user request or both as a precondition prior toresponding to the user or prior to providing data access, or prior toproviding data management system resources. The authentication module433 may compare log-in identifiers and corresponding passwords to anauthorized list of authorized log-in identifiers and correspondingpasswords. In response to the request, the request handler 432 mayobtain, seek, or search for a record associated with a particular dataprofile in the data storage device 351. In one embodiment, the dataretriever 432 includes a search engine for searching the data storagedevice 351.

[0076] In another embodiment, the subscriber terminal 352 comprises aclient, whereas the remote data management system 350 comprises aserver. Accordingly, commercially available client-server software maybe used or modified to share, retrieve, or send profile information fromthe data storage device 351 of the remote data management system 350 orfrom another data storage device remotely accessed via the datamanagement system 350.

[0077]FIG. 5 shows an alternate embodiment of a system for tracing acrop or agricultural product. The system of FIG. 5 is similar to thesystem of FIG. 4, except the data inputs 312 are different. Further, inFIG. 5, the processor 334 is shown in greater detail where logical datapaths are indicated by lines or arrows with dots. Like elements in FIG.4 and FIG. 5 are indicated by like reference numbers.

[0078] The data input devices 312 comprise data sources. The data inputdevices 312 include one or more of the following: a location determiningreceiver 314, a user interface 316, a sensor input 318, machineelectronics 320, input port 322, and a reader 324. The user interface316 may comprise at least one of a keypad, a keyboard, a pointing device(e.g., mouse), a switch, and a display. The user interface 316, thesensor input 318, machine electronics 320, the input port 322, and thereader 324 may be used, individually or collectively, to collect one ormore of the following data types: planting information, growinginformation, harvesting information, weather information, and adjacentcrop information. The sensor input 318 may comprise one or more sensorsmounted on the agricultural machine 311 (e.g., combine), such as yieldsensors, moisture sensors, harvesting information sensors, harvestedcrop-information sensors, agricultural machine-setting sensors or otherdetection devices as will be later described in more detail. The sensorinput 318 may collect harvesting information and crop informationassociated with the particular crop during or after harvesting. Theinput port 322 may interface with a standard or proprietary interface toallow third party devices to interface with the grower data processingsystem 310. In one embodiment, the input port 322 may represent anstandard I/O port configuration (e.g., an RS-232 port configuration), aparallel port configuration, or a serial port configuration.

[0079] A reader 324 may be coupled to the input port 322 or otherwisecoupled to the grower data processing system (310) to collect data fromany of the following items: an optically readable label, a radiofrequency tag, an infra-red tag, a tag, a label, a seed package label328, a document associated with a seed or agronomic input, a storageidentifier associated with a storage volume, storage identifierassociated with an intermediate vessel, and a container tag 330associated with a container for holding the harvested crop. For example,the reader 324 may electronically record the storage identifier of oneor more storage volumes for holding the particular crop in a segregatedmanner after harvesting to maintain the integrity and the purity of theparticular crop. In one embodiment, the reader 324 electronically readsor collects the storage identifier substantially contemporaneously withfilling a respective storage volume with a harvested particular crop. Inanother embodiment, the reader 324 is adapted to record input data(e.g., transit information) regarding the time and location of thedischarging of the crop into an intermediate vessel and removing thecrop from the intermediate vessel, prior to storing the crop in astorage volume.

[0080] In one embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 5, the data processor334 comprises an arranger 336 coupled to an assignment module 340. Thearranger 336 receives input data from the data collection interface 326or the data storage device 332. The arranger 336 arranges or organizesthe input data or recorded information to form a data profile 338. Forexample, the arranger 336 may group the input data by location data inthe input data, such that planting, growing, and harvesting informationfor the same geographic area (e.g., same field or subfield unit ofarea), the same growing season, and the same crop are grouped together.The assignment module 340 accepts the data profile 338 from the arranger336. The assignment module 340 obtains a storage identifier 344 forassignment to a corresponding data profile 338 for example, the reader324 may read a storage identifier from a container tag 330 on a storagevolume (e.g., container) holding a crop or agricultural product.

[0081] The assignment module 340 may assign the storage identifier 344to the corresponding data profile 338 in accordance with severalalternate techniques. Under a first technique, the assignment module 340may assign a scanned or read storage identifier 344 to a data profile ofa particular crop if the reading time and the reading location matchesor is sufficiently correlated to a harvesting location and a harvestingtime. The data profile may include particular location data for aharvesting site of a particular crop. Accordingly, the storageidentifier may be used to identify or cross-reference the harvestingsite or location data for a particular crop. Under a second technique,the assignment module 340 may assign a scanned or read storageidentifier 344 to a data profile 338 based on a manual entry or manualassignment made before, during, or after harvesting. Under a thirdtechnique, the assignment module 340 may assign a scanned or readstorage identifier 344 to the data profile 338 based on a location dataversus time data of the container having a storage identifier 344matching the location data versus time data of an agricultural machineor a harvesting machine for harvesting a particular crop. Under a fourthtechnique, the data profile and the corresponding storage identifier maybe pre-assigned, dedicated, or assigned to a particular crop, for aparticular field, or a particular grower for a defined time period. Forexample, the assignment module may access a look-up table that containspre-assigned pairings of profile data and storage identifiers.

[0082]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a system for tracking a crop or anagricultural product. The system of FIG. 6 is similar to the systems ofFIG. 4 and FIG. 5, except that system of FIG. 6 includes a processordata processing system 434 coupled to the data management system 350 viaa communications network 348 (e.g., the Internet). Like elements inFIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are indicated by like reference numbers.

[0083] The processor data processing system 434 may comprise a dataprocessor 436, a data storage device 332, and a data collectioninterface 326 coupled to a databus 426 to facilitate the communicationand interchange of data. The data processor 436 comprises an appender438 and an assignment module 440. The appender 438 appends additionalcrop information to a corresponding data profile or an inchoate dataprofile. The assignment module 440 assigns a read or assimilated storageidentifier to corresponding data profile, corresponding additional cropinformation, or both. The user interface 316 supports a user's manualentry of data (e.g., crop data or processing information) into akeyboard, a keypad, a graphical user interface, a command lineinterface, a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, a magneticstorage device, or the like. The grower may transport or authorizetransportation of the crop or agricultural product from the grower to aprocessor in a container 439, as indicated by the dashed line of FIG. 6.

[0084]FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method of tracing a crop in accordancewith one embodiment of the invention. The method of FIG. 7 begins instep S200.

[0085] In step S200, a recorder or a data collection interface 326electronically records at least one of pre-planting information,planting information, crop information, growing information, harvestinginformation, chemical application information, and weather informationabout the characteristics of the crop. For example, the collectedinformation is recorded or stored in a data storage device 332incidental to conducting an agricultural activity, such as pre-planting,planting, growing, chemical application, and harvesting.

[0086] The planting information may be collected by a grower dataprocessing system 310, associated with an agricultural machine 311,during or after the planting of a seed, a precursor to a particularcrop, or a particular crop. For example, seed or seed stock plantinginformation may be recorded contemporaneously with planting of the seedor stock. The growing information may be collected by a grower dataprocessing system during growing of the crop. Prior to,contemporaneously with, or after the harvesting time when the crop isharvested, harvesting information may be recorded (e.g., electronicallyrecorded) regarding further characteristics of the crop including one ormore of the following: the date harvested, the location where harvested,the yield of the harvested crop, the moisture content of the harvestedcrop, the physical condition of the harvested crop and settings of aharvesting machine used to harvest the crop.

[0087] In step S202, a data processor 334 may form or store a dataprofile for the corresponding crop based on the recorded information.The formed data profile may contain at least one of the of recordedpre-planting information, recorded planting information, recordedgrowing information, recorded crop information, recorded harvestinginformation, recorded chemical application information, and recordedweather information collected in step S200 on the particular crop. Forexample, the data processor 334 may form a crop profile from thecombination of recorded planting information and recorded harvestinginformation from step S200 for a particular crop associated with adefined geographic area and the same time span (e.g., same growingseason). The data profile may cover a particular crop from a definedgeographic area in which the planting location matches the harvestinglocation. In other words, each data profile may represent a descriptionof a particular crop for a specific growing season where the plantinglocation and the harvesting location is the same or a common location.

[0088] Even after the data profile is formed in step S202, chemicalapplication information, weather information, analyzed cropcharacteristic information, or other crop information may be appended tothe data profile. The analyzed crop characteristic information may beobtained by conducting an analysis (e.g., a genetic test or proteinprofile) of the particular crop to identify or verify one or morecharacteristics of the particular crop.

[0089] The formed data profile may be handled according to variousalternate procedures. Under a first procedure, the data profile of theharvested particular crop is transmitted to a holder of the data profileor the data management system 350. Under a second procedure, the dataprofile of the harvested particular crop is stored on or in one or morecontainers. For example, the data profile may be contained in a barcode,an optically readable tag, a radio-frequency tag, an infra-red tag, anelectronic tag, or in an electronic data memory device carried in or oneach of the one or more containers. Under a third procedure, at least aportion of the data profile of the harvested particular crop istransmitted electronically to one or more potential recipients (e.g.,users) of the harvested particular crop, a segregated particularagricultural product, or a derivative thereof. The transmission ordelivery of the data profile may facilitate sales to, acquisition by,deliveries to, or process control of the harvested particular crop,segregated particular crop, or a derivative thereof by one or morepotential recipients. Under a fourth procedure, the data profile or aninchoate data profile may be formed of a load of profile data gatheredduring operation of the agricultural machine 311 in response to atriggering event. A storage identifier may be associated with the dataprofile, where available. A triggering event may represent an operatorrequest or act associated with shutting down or turning of theagricultural machine 311, a data processor 334, or a grower dataprocessing system associated therewith.

[0090] In step S204, the particular crop or agricultural product issegregated during and after harvesting from intermixing with otherharvested crop. The agricultural machine 311 (e.g., harvesting machine)may be dedicated to harvesting the particular crop with particular cropattributes (e.g., non-GMO corn) or cleaned adequately to removevegetative matter and significant traces of any previously harvestedcrop that is distinct from the particular crop. After harvesting, theparticular crop may be segregated according to various techniques whichmay be cumulatively or alternately applied. Under a first technique, theharvested particular crop is segregated by placing the crop in one ormore storage volumes (e.g., containers or segregated storage bins) eachhaving a storage identifier. Under a second technique, the harvestedparticular crop (e.g., particular grain) is placed in one or morecontainers without first accumulating the crop in a bulk unit largerthan the capacity of the container or containers into which theharvested crop is placed. Under a third technique, the particular cropis placed in one or more containers as the particular crop is dischargedfrom a harvesting machine. Under a fourth technique, the harvestedparticular crop is discharged from a harvesting machine into anintermediate vessel; subsequently the particular crop is removed fromthe intermediate vessel into one or more storage volumes (e.g.,containers); and transit information is recorded regarding time andlocation of discharging of the particular crop into (e.g., filling) theintermediate vessel and the removing the particular crop from (e.g.,emptying) the intermediate vessel of the intermediate vessel to enableassociation of the data profile with the storage identifier of one ormore storage volumes receiving the harvested crop. Under a fifthtechnique, the particular crop or agricultural product is placed orstored in a segregated bin of a grain elevator that is dedicated to aparticular crop (e.g., a particular GMO strain) or cleaned adequatelyafter containing another distinct crop to avoid cross-contamination ofthe particular crop that later occupies the segregated bin.

[0091] In step S206, a reader 324 or container identification device 424electronically records the storage identifier (e.g., containeridentifier) of the one or more storage volumes (e.g., containers). Thestorage identifier may comprise a tag, a radio frequency tag, aninfrared tag, a document, a label, a barcode, a document, a universalproduct code (UPC), one or more alphanumeric characters, or one or moresymbols associated with (e.g., affixed to) a corresponding container.The reader 324 may use an optical detector, a radio frequency receiver,or an infra-red receiver to read the tag, for example.

[0092] In step S208, a data profile for a particular segregated crop isassociated with the storage identifier (e.g., container identifier) ofone or more storage volumes (e.g., containers) for the particularsegregated crop. For example, the assignment module 340 assigns astorage identifier to a corresponding data profile that pertains to theparticular segregated crop that the storage volume affiliated with theassigned storage identifier holds. For example, an information serviceprovider provides the recipient with access to data profiles for cropsvia a communications link or a communications network (e.g., theInternet) via a subscriber terminal or otherwise.

[0093] Following the method of FIG. 7, one or more containers thatcontain the harvested crop are delivered to at least a potentialrecipient (e.g., a purchaser, processor, consumer, manufacturer or auser) and at least a portion of the data profile is made available tothe crop recipient of the crop or agricultural product.

[0094] In one alternate embodiment, the method of FIG. 7 may be modifiedto track adjacent crop information (e.g., a genetic make-up or profileof the adjacent crop) associated with an adjacent location with respectto the particular crop. The adjacent crop information is combined withthe data profile formed in step S202 or as part of the data profileformation in step S202. After step S208, the adjacent crop informationmay be made available to potential recipient (e.g., a potentialpurchaser) as a portion of the data profile so that the potentialpurchaser can conduct genetic tests or other investigation tailored tothe possible contamination introduced by the adjacent crop to theparticular crop or derivative product thereof. For example, contaminatedcrops may contain unwanted precursors to medical or pharmaceuticalproducts that would cause the potential purchaser not to purchase thecontaminated crops for human consumption or to process the crops toremove such contamination to make the contaminated crops suitable forhuman consumption. The target unwanted precursors for contaminationtests are associated with the corresponding genetic make-up or profileof the adjacent crops and may be stored in a reference look-up table, adatabase, or an inverted data file.

[0095]FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a method for tracing a crop. Themethod of FIG. 8 begins in step S300.

[0096] In step S300, planting information is electronically recordedabout the characteristics of the crop prior to, contemporaneously with,or after the planting time. For example, the planting information inputdevice 416 collects planting information and the data collectioninterface 326 records it in data storage 332. The planting informationmay include one or more of the following: the genetic makeup of the seedor plant life, the source or geographic origin of the seed or plantlife, the date planted, the identity of the seed or stock, the seed orstocksource, the location where planted, the soil conditions whereplanted, and any chemical application. Seed or a plant for a crop isplanted at a planting time.

[0097] In an alternate embodiment, a grower data processing system (310or 410) supports collecting of production data or addition crop dataincidental to the performance of various agricultural tasks andactivities associated with the particular crop. For example, harvestinginformation is collected during the harvesting of the particular crop,along with the harvesting location.

[0098] In step S302, the crop is segregated during and after harvestingfrom intermixing with other harvested crop by placing the crop in one ormore containers each having a container identifier. The segregation ofthe particular crop from other crops facilitates maintenance of thepurity and integrity of the particular crop. For example, the harvestingmachine may cooperate with a container or other agricultural machineryto fill one or more containers (e.g., intermodal freight containers) ata site where the crop is grown and harvested. The harvesting machine oranother agricultural machine may fill the containers with correspondingstorage identifiers substantially contemporaneously with harvesting ofthe crop or at another time. The harvesting machine may be dedicated toa particular crop with corresponding crop attributes to avoidcross-contamination with other harvested crops with different cropattributes. Alternately, if the harvesting machine is used to harvestcrops with different crop attributes or incompatible crop attributes,the harvesting machine is cleaned, washed, or sanitized in a sufficientmanner to avoid cross-contamination and a desired level of purity in theparticular crop. The desired level of purity (e.g., less than 3%contamination by volume) may comply with one or more of the following:government or regulatory standards, certification standards of organicgrowers, buyer standards of a buyer of the crop, processor standards,manufacturer standards, and grower standards of a grower of the crop.

[0099] In step S304, the container identifier is electronically recordedfor one or more containers. For example, the reader 324 (FIG. 5) or thecontainer identification device 424 (FIG. 4) reads the storageidentifier (e.g., container identifier) and the data collectioninterface 326 facilitates storage of the read storage identifier (e.g.,container identifier) in the data storage device 322.

[0100] In step S306, a data profile, including the recorded plantinginformation of step S300, is associated with the storage identifier(e.g., container identifier) for each of the one or more containers. Forexample, the data processor 334 (FIG. 4) or the assignment module 340(FIG. 5) may assign a container identifier to a corresponding dataprofile of a particular crop assigned to the container. The recordedplanting information or data profile is associated with the containerprofile for later referencing of the data profile or the recordedplanting information. In one embodiment, the data profile comprises therecorded planting information. In another embodiment, the data profilecomprises the recorded planting information and corresponding locationdata for the field in which the particular crop was planted.

[0101] Following step S306, step S300, or both, the data profile maysupplemented with additional information from one or more of thefollowing: a grower, an auditor of a grower, a processor (e.g., via aprocessor data processing system 434), a manufacturer (e.g., via amanufacturer data processing system 435) or another downstream user ofthe crop, a derivative of the particular crop, or a final product basedon the particular crop. The additional information may comprise one ormore of the following: production information, processing information,auditing information, manufacturing information, and a packagingidentifier. The production information comprises one or more of thefollowing: crop information, the recorded planting information, growinginformation, harvesting information, weather information, and chemicalinformation. The processing information may relate to one or moreprocessing steps performed by a crop processor or another recipient. Thepackaging identifier is associated with a package of the particularcrop, a derivative product thereof, or a final product thereof.

[0102]FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for tracing of a crop or anagricultural product. The method of FIG. 9 starts in step S400.

[0103] In step S400, a data collection interface 326 of a dataprocessing system (e.g., a grower data processing system (310 or 410) ora processor data processing system 434) stores, in data storage 332, atleast one of pre-planting information, planting information, growinginformation, harvesting information, chemical information, weatherinformation, adjacent crop information, production information,processing information, manufacturing information, and retailinformation related to a particular crop associated with a definedgeographic area. Location information is recorded electronically duringat least one of the planting, growing, and harvesting operations.

[0104] The planting information comprises one or more of an identity ofthe seed, a seed or stock source, a seed or stock parentage, a cropmaturity date, a date planted, a location where planted, soil conditionswhen planted, fertilizer, insecticide, herbicide, and any other chemicalapplication. The planting location where planted is electronicallyrecorded or stored during or after the planting. The plantinginformation is collected or stored prior to, during, substantiallycontemporaneously with, or after planting.

[0105] The growing information may include at least one of chemicaldata, fertilizer data nutrient data, pesticide data, herbicide data,fungicide data, irrigation data, water data, temperature data, sunlightdata; and rate of application of at least one of a chemical, fertilizer,nutrient, pesticide, herbicide, fungicide, water, or another crop input;and rate of application versus location of application of at least oneof a chemical, fertilizer, nutrient, pesticide, herbicide, fungicide,water, or another crop input.

[0106] The harvesting information about further characteristics of thecrop may include at least one of the date harvested, the harvestinglocation, the yield of the harvested crop, the moisture content of theharvested crop, the physical condition of the harvested crop, andsettings of a harvesting machine used to harvest the crop. Theharvesting location where harvested is electronically recorded or storedduring, substantially contemporaneously with or after the harvesting.The harvesting information is collected or stored prior to, during,substantially contemporaneously with, or after harvesting.

[0107] The stored weather information is associated with the definedgeographic area (e.g., region or micro-climate) where the particularcrop is grown.

[0108] Chemical information is collected regarding the fertilizer,insecticide, herbicide or other chemical applied before or afterplanting the crop and adding the chemical information to the dataprofile. Weather conditions are recorded at the location of the crop orthe defined geographic area associated with growing the crop. Theweather information may be added or appended to the data profile afterinitial formation of the data profile.

[0109] Adjacent crop information may be recorded or tracked regardingcrop in an adjacent location (e.g., an adjacent field) to a primarylocation (e.g., a primary field) of a particular crop including one ormore of the following: a genetic profile of an adjacent crop or aprecursor thereto, a genetic make-up of an adjacent crop or precursorthereto, identity of the seed or stock, the seed or stock source, theseed or stock parentage, the crop maturity, the date planted, thelocation where planted, the soil conditions when planted, and anychemical application for the adjacent crop and combining the adjacentcrop information into the collective data profile. The adjacent cropinformation may be used to determine whether sufficient spatialisolation exists between neighboring growing areas (e.g., between aprimary field and an adjacent field) to prevent or reducecross-pollination or cross-contamination of neighboring crops.Cross-contamination of genetically modified crops with conventionalcrops or other genetically modified crops may produce crops oragricultural products with impure, unintended, or unwanted geneticcharacteristics.

[0110] Production information refers to agricultural inputs associatedwith the planting, growing, and/or harvesting of a particular crop. Theprocessing information, manufacturing information and retail informationmay relate to the particular crop, a particular agricultural product, aderivative product derived from the particular crop, or a final productderived from the particular crop. Processing information relates to theprocessing of a harvested particular crop by a crop processor, asubsequent processor, or both. Processing information may concern one ormore processing steps for performance by a crop processor as a croprecipient. Manufacturing information relates to making of a derivativeproduct or a final product from the processed or harvested particularcrop. Retail information relates to information for a consumer, a retailpurchaser, or a retail wholesaler for a particular crop, a processedparticular crop, a derivative of a particular crop, or a final productbased on the particular crop, for example. The retail information maycomply with labeling regulations, standards, and laws.

[0111] In step S402, a data processor 334 or an arranger 336 arrangesthe stored information for a particular crop associated with the definedgeographic area to provide a data profile 338 or collective data profilefor the crop. The data profile for a crop may include a crop identifier,a characteristic of a particular crop, information collected by a growerdata processing system (310 or 410), or other information. In oneembodiment, the arranger 336 combines the stored planting and harvestinginformation for a defined geographic area associated with the particularcrop or agricultural product to provide a data profile 338 or collectivedata profile. In another embodiment, the arranger 336 combines theplanting information and harvesting information to provide the dataprofile 338 based on sufficient correlation or matching of recordedplanting location information and recorded harvesting locationinformation during a same growing season to identify the particular cropfrom the defined geographic area. Planting information and harvestinginformation is combined into a data profile for the particular crop ifthe data arranger 336 determines matching or sufficient correlation ispresent.

[0112] In general, the data arranger 336 or processor may form the dataprofile by arranging collected data from two or more of the followingdata classifications: collected planting information, collected growinginformation, collected chemical application information, and collectedweather information. For example, the arranger 336 assembles or extractsdata from two or more of the foregoing data classifications by same orsimilar location data associated with the collected data from thedifferent data classifications. The data processor 334 or the arranger336 may organize or combine the collected planting information and thecollected harvesting information to form the data profile based oncollected planting location information and collected harvestinglocation information for the crops, such that the planting informationis correlated to respective harvesting information for a geographiclocation or geographic area in which in the crop is grown. The dataarranger may filter the data profile based on the desired information orrequisite information to reduce data storage requirements and to makeretrieval information more efficient.

[0113] In preparation for step S404, the reader 324 reads a storageidentifier (e.g., a container identifier) for storing a data profile inthe data storage device 332, the data storage device 351, or both. Thestorage identifier may represent a container identifier and isassociated with one or more containers into which the particular crop isplaced during or after harvesting.

[0114] In step S404, an assignment module 340 associates the storageidentifier 344 with the respective data profile 338 for the particularcrop. The storage identifier 344 identifies at least one of a storagevolume, a container, and a segregated storage bin for holding theparticular crop for an assigned time duration or for some other trackedtime duration. After the storage identifier is associated with thecorresponding data profile for the particular crop or derivativethereof; then the storage identifier may be stored in the data storagealong with the data profile or merged into the data profile.

[0115] In step S406, the data management system 350 makes available atleast a portion of the data profile (e.g., data profile 338) to arecipient, an actual recipient, or a potential recipient of theparticular crop. For example, the grower data processing system 310transmits the data profile 338 of the particular crop to the datamanagement system 350 to make the data profile 338 available fordistribution to potential recipients, actual recipients, subscribers(e.g., via subscriber terminals 352) or other users of the datamanagement system 350.

[0116] In accordance with one example of step S406, the data managementsystem 350 provides the data profile 338 to a subscriber, potentialrecipient, actual recipient, recipient, or user (e.g., a consumer via asubscriber terminal 352) that seeks to identify a characteristic of theparticular crop, a derivative product of the particular crop, or a finalproduct based on the particular crop. The data management system 350 maytransmit the data profile related to the particular crop to one or morepotential users, potential recipients, or actual recipients of theparticular crop, a derivative of the particular crop, or a final productderived from the particular crop.

[0117] A characteristic of a particular crop is based on the geneticmake-up of the particular crop, the growing environment for a particularcrop, or both. The characteristic may comprise at least one of thefollowing: organically grown, genetically modified, non-geneticallymodified, altered protein content, altered oil content, altered enzymecontent, size, weight, appearance, sugar content, perishability,storability, and preservability. From the subscriber terminal 352, asubscriber (e.g., a processor or purchaser) may evaluate the profile ofa particular crop to facilitate a purchase of, sales to, acquisition by,deliveries to, or process control of the particular crop by one or moreof the users.

[0118] The potential recipient (e.g., a crop processor) might receivethe particular crop, whereas the actual recipient receives theparticular crop or a storage volume holding the particular crop. Apotential recipient may represent a potential purchaser, potentialconsumer, a potential user of a particular crop, a derivative productderived from the particular crop, or a final product derived from theparticular crop. The potential recipient may review crop profile fordifferent crops to obtain crops with desired characteristics. Once thepotential recipient places an order, accepts an order, or purchases acrop, the potential recipient is transformed into an actual recipient,barring any unsuccessful delivery of the particular crop.

[0119] The data management system 350 may store adjacent cropinformation regarding crop in an adjacent location to the particularcrop. The adjacent crop information may come from data profilestransmitted from adjacent growers to the data management system 350 viathe communications network 348, for example. The subscriber terminal 352may retrieve or access the adjacent crop information to allow asubscriber to estimate, determine, or evaluate the probability orlikelihood of cross-crop pollination, cross-crop contamination, orfailure to properly express desired crop attributes. The adjacent cropinformation may include one or more of the following: the identity ofthe seed or stock, the seed or stock source, the seed or stockparentage, the crop maturity, the date planted, the location whereplanted, the soil conditions when planted, and any chemical applicationfor the adjacent crop and combining the adjacent crop information intothe collective data profile (e.g., data profile 338). Additionalproduction information may be garnered from genetic testing of theparticular crop or derivative product based on a genetic profile of theadjacent crop.

[0120] After step S406, the recipient of the particular crop or aderivative thereof may append other information to the data profile. Therecipient pay append one or more of the following to the data profile:production information, adjacent crop information, processinginformation, manufacturing information, and retail information. Forexample, the recipient may append the data profile with processinginformation regarding one or more subsequent processing steps preformedby a subsequent crop processor.

[0121] Further, after step S406, the recipient of the particular cropmay make available at least a portion of the data profile to asubsequent recipient (e.g., a subsequent crop processor or downstreamrecipient) that receives the particular crop or a derivative productthereof after the recipient (e.g., the crop processor) receives theparticular crop.

[0122]FIG. 10 is a method of tracing a crop or agricultural product. Themethod of FIG. 10 begins in step S410.

[0123] In step S410, a crop processor obtains processing information forstorage in a processor data processing system 434. The processinginformation concerns one or more processing steps or procedures forperformance by the crop processor. For example, the processinginformation may concern any of the following: the production of a finalagricultural product, the production of an intermediate agriculturalproduct, the production of a final crop product, the processing of apackaging identifier for the final agricultural product, nutritionalcontent, labeling requirements, safety compliance, and regulatorycompliance. In one embodiment, the crop processor may receive one ormore containers of the harvested crop which represents the raw materialfor a procedure. By application of various procedures, the cropprocessor may produce an intermediate agricultural product or a finalcrop product from the particular crop, a portion thereof, or an extracttherefrom.

[0124] In step S411, the processor data processing system 434 receives adata profile from a power data processing system (310 or 410) or asupplier of the crop via a communication network 348 or link.

[0125] In step S412, an appender 438 or the processor data processingsystem 434 appends the obtained processing information to the receiveddata profile or a portion of the received data profile to form a reviseddata profile.

[0126] In step S414, the processor data processing system 434 reads orcollects a storage identifier (e.g., container identifier) for one ormore storage volumes (e.g., containers) for holding the furtherprocessed crop or derivative thereof. The processor may store theparticular crop or an agricultural product derived therefrom through theapplication of a production process. The processor may store the crop ora derivative thereof in at least one of a storage volume, a container, asegregated storage bin, and a portioned grain elevator.

[0127] In step S416, an assignment module 440 or the processor dataprocessing system 434 associates the storage identifiers with the dataprofile for the particular crop.

[0128] In step S418, the processor data processing system 434 or atransmitter 346 associated therewith transmits at least a portion of therevised data profile to a data management system 350 to make the reviseddata profile available to a subscriber or user of the data managementsystem 350. The subscriber or user of the data management system 350 mayrepresent a potential recipient, potential user, potential purchaser, ora downstream member of the supply chain of the particular agriculturalproduct, for example. The data management system 350 stores at least aportion of the revised data profile for later access by the processordata processing system 434 or a subsequent crop processor, manufacturer,retailer, or downstream recipient that receives the particular crop or aderivative thereof after the processor receives and processes theparticular crop.

[0129] In one example, the user may represent a consumer, where theconsumer is able to access at least a portion of the revised dataprofile or processing information for a final crop product that containsthe particular crop via a subscriber terminal 352 and the communicationsnetwork 348 or otherwise. In another example, the user may obtain thefollowing information via a subscriber terminal 352 on a characteristicof the particular crop or a derivative thereof: an organic crop, anorganically grown vegetable, an organically grown fruit, number twoyellow corn, high oil corn, high starch corn, waxy corn, highlyfermentable corn, white corn, nutritionally-enhanced corn,pest-resistant corn, corn resistant to corn earworms, herbicideresistant corn, non-genetically modified corn, and genetically modifiedcorn, high protein soybeans, high oil soybeans, large soybeans,non-genetically modified soybeans, and genetically modified soybeans.

[0130]FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method for tracing a crop or anagricultural product. The method of FIG. 11 begins in step S450.

[0131] In step S450, a grower data processing system (310 or 410)collects crop information regarding crop characteristics andelectronically stores the crop information in data storage 332. Thegrower data processing system (310 or 410) may collect the cropinformation during one or more of the following: pre-planting, planting,growing, and harvesting. The crop information may include pre-plantinginformation, planting information, growing information, and harvestinginformation. Pre-planting information may include any of historicalplanting information, historical growing information, historicalchemical application information, and historical harvesting information.In one example, seed or seed stock planting information is recordedcontemporaneously with planting of the seed or stock. In anotherexample, planting information, such as seed or seed stock and cropcharacteristics, is collected during or after the planting of aprecursor to a particular crop and electronically stored in datastorage.

[0132] In step S451, the grower data processing system 310 may, but neednot, refine the collected crop information in accordance with severalalternate techniques. In accordance with a first technique, thecollected crop information (e.g., growing information, harvestinginformation or other information) is combined with previously collectedor stored seed or seed stock planting information to create a dataprofile (e.g., collective data profile) in the data storage 332 for theharvested crop. Further, the previously stored seed or stock plantinginformation may be recorded contemporaneously with planting the seed orstock planting information.

[0133] In accordance with a second technique, the collected cropinformation is refined to comprise collected planting information,collected harvesting information, and corresponding location informationto provide the data profile for a particular crop based on a commongeographic area or same location for the planting and harvesting of theparticular crop. For instance, the recorded planting information fromstep S450 may be combined with recorded harvesting information in stepS451 to form the data profile. The recorded planting information isassociated with corresponding recorded planting location information,whereas the recorded harvesting information is associated withcorresponding recorded harvesting location information. Plantinglocation information is electronically recorded during or after theplanting of a precursor to the particular crop. The harvested locationinformation is electronically recorded during or after the harvesting ofa particular crop. The planting location information is correlated to orsubstantially matches the harvesting location information for thedefined geographic area associated with a particular crop (e.g., where aparticular crop is grown) for a defined time span or growing season.

[0134] In accordance with a third technique, the harvested particularcrop is analyzed to identify one or more crop characteristics (i.e.,protein chains, identity tests, genetic tests or analysis results) andthe analyzed crop characteristic information is appended into the dataprofile.

[0135] In accordance with a fourth technique, processing information(e.g., planting information) is appended to the data profile (e.g.,collected crop information). The processing information regards one ormore processing steps performed by the crop processor. For example, thecollected crop information may be appended with the planting informationto provide a data profile based on a common geographic area for theplanting location information and the harvesting location information.

[0136] In accordance with a fifth technique, manufacturing informationis appended to the data profile. The manufacturing information regardsthe production of a final crop product. For example, manufacturinginformation may comprise a packaging data, a packaging identifier, or alist of ancillary ingredients that are appended to the data profile ofthe final crop product.

[0137] In step S452, during and after the harvesting the particular cropis segregated from all other genetically distinct crops to maintain itspurity and integrity. A storage identifier (e.g., container identifier)is recorded for one or more storage volumes (e.g., containers) intowhich the processed crop is placed and the storage identifier isassociated with the data profile. For example, the particular crop issegregated by storing the particular crop in one or more segregatedstorage volumes for storing crop in a segregated manner. The segregatedstorage volumes or segregated storage means comprises a container, aninter-modal shipping container, a segregated storage bin, a portion of agrain elevator, or any other fixed or mobile container for holding acrop or agricultural product. Each segregated storage volume has acorresponding storage identifier (e.g., storage identifier 344) foridentifying the segregated storage volume.

[0138] In one example, the segregation of the particular crop comprisesmaintaining the purity and integrity of the particular crop from allother genetically distinct crops by, contemporaneously with harvestingthe crop, placing the crop in one or more intermodal freight containersas the segregated storage means, each intermodal freight containerhaving a corresponding storage identifier (e.g., storage identifier344). Further, the container identifier may be electronically collectedcontemporaneously with filling of the container with the harvested cropand electronically storing the container identifier in the data storage.

[0139] In step S454, the grower data processing system 310 provides anelectronically accessible data profile (e.g., data profile 338)associated with the particular crop and a corresponding storageidentifier (e.g., storage identifier 344), the data profile (e.g., dataprofile 338) including the collected crop information. For example, thegrower data processing system (310 or 410) transmits or otherwisefacilitates communication of the electronically accessible data profilefrom the grower data processing system (310 or 410) to a subscriber viaone or more of the following: the data management system 350, thesubscriber terminal 352, the communications network 348 (e.g., theInternet), and a processor data processing system 434. The subscribermay be a crop recipient of the harvested crop, a potential user of theharvested crop, a potential user of a derivative of the crop, or anyother person authorized to receive or access at least a portion of thedata profile.

[0140] In one example, the data management system 350 or holder of thedata profile transmits at least a portion of the data profile to a cropprocessor, where the crop processor receives at least one of the one ormore containers with the harvested crop therein. In another example, thedata management system 350 electronically transmits the data profile toone or more potential users (e.g., subscriber terminals 352) of theharvested crop to facilitate sales to, acquisition by, delivery to, orprocess control of the harvested crop by a user. In accordance with yetanother example, the data management system 350 manages a database ordata storage device 351 that collects processing information regardingone or more processing steps performed on the harvested crop andcombines the processing information into the collective data profile foraccess by one or more subscribers. In accordance with a further example,at least one container that contains the harvested crop, a derivative ofthe crop, or a final crop product is delivered to a crop user and atleast a portion of the data profile is available to the recipient oruser (e.g., crop processor) of the crop or agricultural products in thecontainer or containers. In accordance with yet another example, atleast a portion of the data profile is provided to a consumer of thefinal crop product.

[0141] The creation of the collective data profile is shownschematically in FIG. 12. Although the planting information 4 may begathered during the planting operation or substantiallycontemporaneously therewith to promote accuracy of the planting data,the planting information may be gathered before, during, or after theplanting operation and stored in a database. Likewise, harvestinginformation 6, growing information 5, and chemical applicationinformation 8 may be collected during the performance of theseoperations or substantially contemporaneously therewith. Nevertheless,harvesting information 6, growing information 5, and chemicalapplication information 8 may be collected before, during, or after theperformance of those operations. Weather information 10 is collectedthroughout the growing season from the nearest weather station (e.g.,via a data feed) and/or collected at the field. The planting, growing,harvesting, chemical application and weather information are related tothe production of the crop, and are grouped in the “producer box” 16.The various types of producer information are combined, as shown byarrows 22, to create the collective data profile 12 for the harvestedcrop.

[0142] In one embodiment, the planting information and harvestinginformation are combined with one another to provide the collective dataprofile based on geo-reference location information recorded during theplanting of the seed and during harvesting of the crop. Other cropproduction information that can be recorded and combined into thecollective data profile include any fertilizer, insecticide, herbicideor other chemical applied to the field, before, or after planting of theseed, mechanical soil treatment and weather conditions at the fieldlocation or the nearest weather substation.

[0143] The information is preferably collected by an informationcollection system that automatically records the planting and harvestinginformation, the storage identifier (e.g., container identifier) andother information. The data collection may be automated and integratedinto the applicable agricultural machinery 311 to facilitate accuratecollection of data with minimal human intervention and effort. In oneexample, location determining receiver (a GPS receiver) and one or moresensors are used during at least one of planting, growing andharvesting. The sensor or sensors may be mounted on planting, sprayingor harvesting machinery and may provide data output via a databus, ananalog output, a digital output, or machine electronics.

[0144] In a first example, a tractor and planting machinery may beequipped with a planting information input device, alocation-determining receiver, and a clock for gathering plantinginformation (e.g., a machine setting data available via machineelectronics for seed density, seed spacing, and planting depth) versuslocation data for a measured time and determined calendar date. In asecond example, a tractor and a spraying implement may be equipped witha growing information input device (e.g., spraying rate measurementdevice, a flow-meter, or a fluidic volume detector and timer), alocation determining receiver, and a clock for gathering growinginformation versus location data for a measured time and determinedcalendar date. In a third example, a harvester, mower, or combine may beequipped with a harvesting information input device (e.g., yield monitoror moisture detector), a location-determining receiver, and a clock forgathering harvesting information versus location data for a measuredtime and determined calendar date. For a defined range of calendar datesthat are associated with a growing season for a particular crop, thelocation data from planting, harvesting, and growing the particular cropmay be correlated or matched to assign the collected information(planting information, growing information, and harvesting information)to a geographic area, a field identifier, a sub-field identifier, agrower identifier, or any combination of the foregoing.

[0145] Barcode readers and radio frequency tag readers may be used fordata collection to output data into a grower data processing system (310or 410) associated with agricultural machinery 311, a data managementsystem 350 or otherwise. Barcodes and barcode readers support collectionof data inputs by reading barcodes associated with storage volumes(e.g., containers), seed packages, chemical packages, and otheragricultural input. Radio frequency (RF) tags and readers facilitatecollection of data inputs associated with storage volumes (e.g.,containers), seed packages, chemical packages, and other agriculturalinput.

[0146] Sample planting information 4 is shown in FIG. 13. The plantinginformation shown in FIG. 13 or other planting information may be storedin computer memory (e.g., of a grower data processing system (310 or410)), displayed on a display (e.g., of a grower data processing system(310 or 410)), saved to a file, saved in data storage device 351, orprinted by a user transferred to downstream supply-chain members orotherwise processed. The user interface 316, the planting informationinput device 416, the sensor input 318, the machine electronics 320, areader 324 or another data input 312 support the gathering of plantinginformation 4. The information in the left-hand column includes thefarm, the field and the task performed. The seed information includesthe source, the variety and the lot number of the seed bags. The usermay employ the reader 324 or a container identification device 424 toread or otherwise collect seed information from seed packages. Alsoshown is the date and time when the seed is loaded into the planter, theseed quantity and the chemical applied at planting. The user may employthe reader 324 or a container identification device 424 to read orotherwise collect chemical information or part of the chemicalapplication information 8 from the chemical package or container. Inthis example and as described herein, chemical information for chemicalsapplied during planting are part of the planting information 4. Thechemical information 8 (FIG. 12) relates to chemicals applied before orafter planting.

[0147] Sample harvesting information 6 is shown in FIG. 14. Theharvesting information shown in FIG. 14 or other harvesting informationmay be stored in computer memory (e.g., of a grower data processingsystem (310 or 410)), displayed in a display (e.g., of a grower dataprocessing system (310 or 410)) presented by a user, saved to a file,saved in a data storage device 351, transferred to downstreamsupply-chain members or otherwise processed. The user interface 316, theharvesting information input device 420, the sensor input 318, themachine electronics 320, or other data inputs 312 support the gatheringof harvesting information 6. For example, the harvested information 6,such as yield moisture, machine settings, and damage, may be providedvia machine electronics of the agricultural machine or via any of thefollowing sensors: a moisture sensor, a capacitive moisture sensor, ayield sensor, a piezoelectric yield sensor, and a piezoelectric forcedetector. The farm, field and task are shown in the left-hand column ofFIG. 14. The crop type, corn, is shown together with the time and datethat the combine grain tank is unloaded. Also included are the yield,the crop condition, i.e. moisture and damage, and various combinemachine settings.

[0148] In the sample information of FIGS. 13 and 14, the location isshown as the “North field.” More precise location information can bespecified, such as the location in the field where the seed is plantedfrom each loading of seed into the planter. The gathered location dataor the location in the field may be expressed in terms of longitude andlatitude with accuracy capable of being expressed to some tolerance inseconds, fractions of minutes, or fractions of seconds. In oneembodiment, the location data is generated from a location determiningreceive signals (Global Positioning System (GPS) signals) received by alocation-determining receiver or a data processor associated therewithon the machinery performing the planting, harvesting, or otheragricultural operations. The farm, field, and tasks column may bemanually entered by a user via the user interface, for example.

[0149] Once harvested, the crop is placed in one or more storage volumes(e.g., containers) each having a container identifier. Storage volumesrefer to any volume for storing a crop, including, but not limited to,segregated bins in grain elevators, segregated storage silos, segregatedcontainers, containers, and inter-modal shipping containers, wheresegregated means that the storage volumes have been dedicated to thestorage of a particular crop or have been cleaned to remove plant matterand any other unwanted debris after storing another crop having adistinct differentiated characteristic or crop attribute. The dataprofile is associated with each farm container identifier such that thecontainer identifier can be used to access the collective data profile.This association is shown in FIG. 14 where, for each of the three timesthe combine is unloaded, the identifier is shown for the container intowhich the crop is placed. The crop from the first two unloadings isplaced in container 470-2465 while the crop from the last unloading isplaced in container 470-6115. In one embodiment of the invention, thecrop is placed into the one or more containers without firstaccumulating the crop in a bulk unit larger than the capacity of thecontainers into which the harvested crop is placed. After the harvestedcrop is placed into a container, the container is delivered to a cropprocessor or other user. By transporting the grain in a container,handling induced crop damage is minimized.

[0150] When one or more containers of crop are delivered to a cropprocessor, the processor can access all or part of the data profile.All, or part, of the collective data profile of the crop in thecontainer is made available to the processor or user. The data profilecan be transferred to the processor electronically, directly, via acomputer network, such as the Internet, or by physically storing theinformation on the container for delivery with the crop. The producermay control access to the data and provide access by the processor to asmuch of the information as the producer desires to release. Theprocessor can use the information to plan and optimize the processing ofthe crop by knowing specific attributes of the crop in each container.

[0151] The crop tracing method of the present invention can extendbeyond the production stage as shown in FIG. 15. Downstream processingand manufacturing information involving the crop is collected and addedto the collective data profile 12. In FIG. 15, dashed arrows 26, 34, and42 indicate the flow of the crop, an agricultural product, or aderivative thereof; the solid arrows 22, 28, 30, 36, 38 and 44 indicatethe flow of data between various parties and a holder of a collectivedata profile 12. The holder 13 of the collective data profile or dataprofile 12 may be controlled by one or more of the following: theproducer 16, the processor 24, the manufacturer 32, the consumer 40, agovernment, a governmental agency, and a third party. The processor 24receives one or more containers of the crop as shown by the arrow 26.The processor 24 accesses all or part of the data profile 12 as shown bythe arrow 28. Although the producer 26 could directly provide plantinginformation, growing information, and harvesting information to theprocessor, the holder of the data profile can readily distribute,publish, or transmit the data profile on behalf of the supply chainmembers. Further, the holder can compare data inputted from differentsupply chain members on the same particular crop for accuracy,consistency, and fraud oversight and detection.

[0152] Information regarding processing steps performed on the cropreceived in a given “farm container”. The processor adds or appends thecollected information to the collective data profile as shown by thearrow 30 (FIG. 15). The processor data processing system 434 facilitatesdata collection and gathering of the information. The processed crop isultimately placed into one or more “processor containers” each having anidentifier. The processor container identifier is also associated withthe data profile 12. The processed crop can be delivered to furtherprocessors (not shown) that access the data profile and add furtherprocessing information to the data profile in the same manner asdescribed above with the processor 24.

[0153] Sample processing information is shown in FIG. 16. The processinginformation shown in FIG. 16 or other processing information may bestored in computer memory (e.g., of a processor data processing system434), displayed on a display (e.g. of a processor data processing system434), printed by a user, saved to a file, saved in data storage device351, transferred to downstream supply-chain members, or otherwiseprocessed. The processing information begins with the farm containeridentifier through which the data profile of the harvested crop isaccessed. The source of the crop and the date and time-in at theprocessor is provided. Processing information about the processingsteps, in this example, drying, cleaning and grinding, together with thedate and time-out are collected and added to the data profile 12. Theprocessed crop is placed in one or more “processor” containers and thecontainer identifiers are recorded. In the example illustrated, the cropfrom one farm container, 470-2465, is processed and placed into twoprocessor containers, ABC-4624 and ABC-6735.

[0154] With reference again to FIG. 15, the processed crop is deliveredto a manufacturer 32 as shown by the arrow 34. The manufacturer, orprocessor, 32 uses the processed crop in the manufacture of a final cropproduct. The manufacturer, by using the processor container identifier,can access all or a part of the collective data profile as shown by thearrow 36. Manufacturing steps performed on the processed crop arerecorded and added to the collective data profile as shown by the arrow38. The manufacturer places a manufactured product in one or morecontainers having an identifier. At this point, the container may be aretail sales package and the identifier may be the UPC barcode, a dateof manufacturer and/or a lot number. The date of manufacture and the lotnumber may be part of the barcode. Multiple packages may bear the sameidentifier as having common ingredients and manufacturing steps, dateand lot number. A unique package identifier may be embedded in anelectronic, RF tag on the package. Such identifiers are also known as an“electronic product code” and the tag also known as a “smart tag.”

[0155]FIG. 15 shows a single processor 24 that processes the crop and asingle manufacturer 32 that makes the final crop product. There may bemultiple processors. The manufacturer may also be considered aprocessor. Furthermore, there may be only one processor that receivesthe crop product from the producer 16 and manufactures the final cropproduct. The claims should be interpreted as broadly as possible tocover any number of processors/manufacturers between the producer 16 andconsumer 40 of the final crop product.

[0156] The packages are delivered to a consumer as shown by the arrow42. This may be through a retail sales outlet. By using the packageidentifier, the consumer can access all or a part of the collective dataprofile as shown by the arrow 44. This access may be via a terminal atthe retail outlet, via a personal computer using a network, such as theInternet, etc. A sample data profile 12 is shown in FIG. 17 as it may bepresented to a consumer (e.g., in a display of a subscriber terminal352) or another person downstream from a crop processor. The dataprofile 12 may include the information added by the manufacturer to forma revised data profile or a data profile. In the example, the product isa corn bread mix containing the processed corn crop, flour, sugar, salt,soda and shortening. Each ingredient is listed. The processor containeridentifier in which the manufacturer received the corn identifies thecorn. By “clicking” on “corn,” the production information and processinginformation about the corn is shown as indicated by the arrow 46. All ofthe corn crop production and processing information may be shown atonce, or in further screen displays by clicking on various embeddedlinks.

[0157] With reference to FIGS. 7-10, an example of data collection bythe producer 16 is shown in greater detail. In FIG. 18, informationcollection from the planting operation is shown. A tractor 50 is pullinga planter 52 through a field 54. The tractor 50 has an onboard computer56 that receives, processes and stores the planting information. Thetractor 50 includes a position receiver 58 that receives signals 60 fromGPS satellites 62 and/or signals 64 from one or more ground baseddifferential GPS transmitters 66. The computer determines the locationof the tractor from the received signals.

[0158] Planter machine settings, such as the seeding rate, row spacing,etc. are collected and received by the computer 56 as shown by the arrow68. The planter settings can be manually entered into the computer bythe operator or collected by sensors onboard the planter and transmittedeither by wire or by wireless connection to the computer 56. The planter52 has a plurality of row units 70, each having a seed hopper 72 and achemical hopper 74. The planter 52 is shown as an exemplary planter. Anyof a variety of planter types can be used with the present invention. Asshown, the planter 52 is an implement pulled by the tractor 50. Theplanter and the tractor are collectively referred to as a “plantingmachine.” Alternatively, the planting machine may be a self-propelledvehicle.

[0159] With reference to FIG. 19, data regarding the seed planted may becaptured by a handheld data reader 76, such as a barcode reader, used toscan a barcode 78 on a seed bag 80. The barcode 78 contains informationabout the seed, in particular, the seed variety and other informationthat may be placed in the barcode by the seed producer. The barcode ofthe seed bag 80 is read by the barcode reader 76 prior to or at the timethat the seed is placed into one of the hoppers 72 of the planter. Theinformation collected by the reader 76 is downloaded to the computer 56.The producer 16 can also use the reader 76 to collect other planting orother production information. Other types of data collection devices canbe used in place of the optical barcode reader. One alternative is radiofrequency (RF) tags and readers. The method of the present invention isnot limited to the use of any particular data collection device.

[0160] With reference to FIG. 20, an automated information collectionsystem is shown, as opposed to a manual collection system of FIG. 19. InFIG. 20, a fertilizer container 82 is shown just prior to being attachedto the lid 84 of the fertilizer hopper 74 to load the fertilizer intothe hopper 74. The container 82 includes a barcode 86 identifying thecontents of the container 82. A barcode reader 88 fixed to the hopperlid 84 scans the barcode 86. The barcode information is then transferredto the computer 56.

[0161] Returning to FIG. 18, the information collected via the computer56, i.e. the seed information, the fertilizer or other chemicalinformation, the planter settings, the location, as well as date andtime are transmitted via a wireless connection to a receiver 90 and thento a farm office 92. The information can be stored in a database at thefarm office and/or transmitted to a network site 94 operated by aninformation service provider. The network site allows others to accessthe information as described herein. The Internet is a suitable networkto access the information.

[0162] As an alternative to a wireless data transfer from the tractor tothe farm office 92, the information from the computer 56 can be storedon a PC card 96 (FIG. 18) or other portable device on the tractor 50. Atthe end of each day, or the end of the planting operation, or the end ofany other time period, the PC card 96 is removed from the tractor anddelivered to the farm office 92. There, the information on the PC card96 is downloaded and stored in a database and/or transferred to thenetwork site 94.

[0163] With reference to FIG. 21, information collection from aharvesting operation is shown. After the crop has grown to maturity, aharvesting machine, such as a combine 100, is used to harvest the crop.The harvested crop is temporarily stored in the combine grain tank 102.The combine 100 has a position receiver 104 that receives signals 60from GPS satellites 62 and/or the differential GPS signals 64 fromtransmitter(s) 66. Information regarding the location of the combinewhile the crop in the grain tank is harvested is temporarily stored in acombine computer 106. Sensors on the combine connected to the computer106 are used to collect additional information. FIG. 22 schematicallyshows a representative combine information system with a mass-flowsensor 138, a crop-moisture sensor 140, a crop-damage sensor 142 and acrop-constituent sensor 143 all connected to the computer 106. Thesesensors collect information about the harvested crop including the yieldand measures of particular constituents of the crop, such as, but notlimited to, oil, sugar and/or starch content. Additional sensors collectharvesting machine component settings. These sensors include groundspeed sensor 144, rotor or cylinder speed sensor 146, rotor or cylinderspacing sensor 148, fan speed sensor 150 and chaffer and sieve openingsensors 152,154, all of which are connected to the computer 106. Anyinformation available on the combine CAN bus can be collected and storedin the computer 106. Time and date information is also collected andstored. Information systems that monitor yield, moisture, combinesettings, etc. are generally known. One such system is the GreenStar™precision-farming system available from John Deere. The presentinvention is not limited to a particular type of information system.Information regarding any of a variety of crop characteristics ormachine settings can be collected and is not limited to the example ofFIG. 22.

[0164] The grain tank 102 is emptied via an unloading auger 108. Asshown in FIG. 21, the grain is unloaded from the combine to a hopper110. From the hopper 110, a conveyor 112 transfers the crop to a freightcontainer 114. The hopper 110 and conveyor 112 are part of a containercart 116 used to transport the container 114 through the field 54. Thetractor 50 tows the container cart. Exemplary container carts are shownin U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/969,203 filed Oct. 1, 2001,assigned to the assignee of the present application and herebyincorporated by reference.

[0165] As the grain tank 102 is unloaded, the harvesting informationstored in the combine computer 106 is transmitted wirelessly to thecomputer 56 on the tractor 50 as shown by the arrow 120. Any type ofsuitable wireless data transfer system can be used. Where multiplecombines and tractors are operating in the same field, GPS locationinformation from both the combine and the tractor ensure that thetractor receives harvest information from the same combine from whichthe crop is received.

[0166] The container 114 includes an RF tag 122 containing an identifierof the container 114. An RF reader 124 on the container cart 116 queriesthe RF tag 122 and receives a response therefrom that includes thecontainer identifier. The reader 124 is coupled to the tractor computer56, either wirelessly or by wire and transmits the container identifieras shown by the arrow 128.

[0167] The harvesting information relating to the crop deposited in thecontainer 114, together with the container identifier, is transmittedwirelessly as shown by the signal 126 to the receiver 90. From there,the data is transferred to the remote farm office 92 for storage and/oruploading to the network site 94. Alternatively, information can bemanually transferred to the farm office by PC card 96.

[0168] The harvesting information is combined with the planting andother production information based on the geo-reference locationinformation. That is, the planting information for a given location iscombined with the harvesting information for the same location. Thecombined planting information, harvesting information and otherproduction information forms the collective data profile 12 for theharvested crop and is associated with the identifier for the container114.

[0169] Other production information, including chemical application andmechanical soil treatments, both prior to and after planting, iscollected in a similar manner as shown and described with the plantingand harvesting information. Weather information during the growingseason can be collected from the Internet or by other means, and addedto the collective data profile at the farm office 92.

[0170] As shown and described with reference to FIG. 21, the harvestinginformation is transferred from the combine 100 to the tractor 50pulling the container cart 116. Alternatively, the computer 56 can belocated on the container cart 116 or the combine computer 106 could beused to receive, store and transfer information to the farm office 92.

[0171]FIG. 21 illustrates the harvesting operation with the crop beingloaded into a freight container from the combine. Another practice is todischarge the crop from the combine into a grain cart for transport awayfrom the field and deposit into a storage device. The present inventioncan be used in such a harvesting operation as shown in FIG. 23. Theharvesting information is transferred from the combine 160 to thetractor 50 pulling the grain cart 158 when the combine grain tank isunloaded. The line 160 shows the information transfer.

[0172] When the grain cart 158 is unloaded, as shown in FIG. 24, theharvesting information is transferred from the tractor 50 computer 56 toanother computer 156 of a tractor 162. Tractor 162 is used to operate acontainer loader 164 that receives the crop from the grain cart 158 andloads the crop into a container 166. The container loader 164 is shownin more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/970,235 filed Oct.1, 2001, assigned to the assignee of the present application and herebyincorporated by reference. The container 166 has an RF tag 168 with acontainer identifier. The RF reader 172 on the loader 164 queries the RFtag 168. When the crop is transferred from the grain cart 158 to thecontainer 166, the identifier of the container is captured andtransmitted to the tractor computer 156 as shown by arrow 174 forassociation with the collective data profile 12. The harvestinginformation is then transferred to the farm office 92 in the same manneras previously described. Each time the crop is transferred from onevessel to another, the time and location is recorded to enableassociation of the data profile with the container identifier of thecontainer that ultimately receives the crop. It will be appreciated thatalternatively, the container identifier could be transmitted to thecomputer 56 on tractor 50 and from there, the harvest information istransferred to the farm office. Again, the information may be manuallytransferred to the farm office by a PC card.

[0173] The collective data profile can be stored and maintained at thefarm office 92. The producer can use the data profile for farmmanagement, to market the crop and/or to verify contract orcertification compliance.

[0174] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the collective dataprofile is stored and maintained by an information service provider thatoperates the network site 94. There, the data profile can be readilyaccessed through the network, such as the Internet, by the downstreamprocessors and manufacturers. The processing and manufacturinginformation is easily added to the data profile 12 at the network site94.

[0175] In addition to the producer information described above inconnection with a crop, adjacent crop information regarding a crop grownin an adjacent field can also be added to and become part of thecollective data profile. Information, such as chemical applicationand/or seed variety of an adjacent crop may be of interest for contractor certification requirements where spray drift or cross pollination areundesired. If the fields adjacent to field 54 are farmed by the sameproducer 16, the data management software at the farm office can beprogrammed to add selected information of the adjacent crop into thedata profile for the crop from field 54.

[0176] Where the adjacent field is farmed by a second producer 130 (FIG.25) that utilizes the same information service provider as the firstproducer 16, the second producer 130 can grant to the producer 16 accessto a portion of the collective data profile for the crop from a fieldadjacent to the field 54. The accessed information is added to thecollective data profile of the crop produced in field 54. The additionof the adjacent field information into the data profile 12 is shownschematically in FIG. 25.

[0177] Additional seed information can be included in the data profileas shown in FIG. 26. Seed production information such as the location,planting and harvesting dates, genetics, or other seed information, iscollected or provided by a seed supplier 132. This seed information isadded to the data profile as shown by the arrow 134. The seed supplier132 or its agent transfers (e.g., delivers, ships, gives, or sells) seedor another form of a plant to producer 16 as shown by arrow 135. Whenthe producer 16 scans the barcode, label, tag, or document associatedwith the delivered seed or another form of the plant, access to the seedinformation is obtained. For example, the producer may scan a barcodelabel on a seed bag to acquire a seed bag identifier and other seedinformation as indicated by the arrow 136.

[0178] With reference to FIG. 27, a collection of planting informationis shown from an individual plant 202 that is to be transplanted. Thetree 202 carries a barcode tag 204. At the time and place of planting, abarcode reader 206 reads the barcode. The reader 206 preferably alsoincludes a GPS receiver 208 to receive GPS signals 60 identifying thelocation where the tree 202 is planted. Similarly, with reference toFIG. 28, a flat 210 with a plurality of small seedlings carries abarcode 212 which is scanned by the barcode reader 206 at the time andlocation where the seedlings are planted. A similar approach can be usedfor manually harvested crops, such as fruit, where location and weightinformation of each bag of fruit harvested by given person can becollected. The information may be collected using a hand held devicethat receives location information from GPS signals, by field number, orby the number of a particular tree. Weight information for each bag offruit picked can be collected electronically from a scale as each bag isweighed.

[0179]FIG. 29 illustrates an alternative information delivery system.Here the producer 16 delivers the crop to the processor as shown by thearrow 26 and stores the production information regarding the crop in adata store 220. The data store includes the collective data profile ofthe crop including the planting and harvesting information associatedwith the container identifier used to deliver the crop to the processor.The producer also forwards the container identifier to the network site94 for tracking purposes. If and when the processor desires theinformation from the collective data profile, the processor communicateswith the network site and provides the container identifier for whichinformation is desired. If the producer has already authorized thisprocessor to receive information, the information may be immediatelyforwarded to the processor. If not previously authorized, the produceris notified and then provides access to all or a part of the dataprofile.

[0180] Likewise, the processor stores processing information in a datastore 222 and delivers the processed crop to the manufacturer as shownby the arrow 34. The processor container identifier is associated withthe processing information in the data store 220 and is forwarded to thenetwork site for tracking purposes. The manufacturer 32, by utilizingthe container identifier can request information from the processorthrough the network site 94 to gain processing information. Theprocessing information may include the farm container identifier toenable the manufacturer to also request production information from theproducer 16. Alternatively, the processor container identifier may belinked to the farm container identifier at the network site 94, enablingthe manufacturer to seek information from the producer 16 directly,without first obtaining information from the processor 24.

[0181] The manufacturer likewise stores manufacturing information in adata store 224 and forwards the final crop product to the consumer 40 asshown by the arrow 42. The consumer 40 can then access themanufacturing, processing or production information in the same manneras described above. The information management system of FIG. 29 allowsthe producer, processor and manufacturer to maintain possession andcontrol of their respective information. Varying degrees of access canbe provided to the other participants and each participant may beallowed access to different amounts of the information.

[0182]FIG. 30 illustrates another alternative information distributionsystem. The producer 16 forwards the harvested crop to the processor, asshown by the arrow 26, and also delivers to the processor the collectivedata profile of the crop as shown by the arrow 230. The data can betransferred by a direct connection to the processor or through anetwork. The processor adds the processing information to the collectivedata profile received from the producer. The processed crop is deliveredto the manufacturer as shown by arrow 34 and the collective data profileis forwarded to the manufacturer as shown by arrow 232. The manufactureradds manufacturing information to the collective data profile andforwards the finished final crop product to the consumer 40 as shown bythe arrow 42. The manufacturer can store the entire collective dataprofile on a network site 234 for access by the consumer 40. Theinformation system shown in FIG. 30 differs from the information systemin FIG. 29 in that each participant gives up possession and control ofthe their information.

[0183] In addition to receiving information from upstream participantsin the supply chain, each participant may have access to informationfrom downstream participants. For example, the seed producer may collectyield information from the producer 16 to evaluate the performance ofvarious seed varieties.

[0184] The system and method of the present invention can be used tofacilitate the marketing of a given crop. Once the crop is harvested andstored in a freight container, the producer 16 can advertise theavailability of the crop, and distribute the data profile 12 containingthe crop's attributes to a variety of potential purchasers. Thecollective data profile can also be used to certify compliance witheither contract requirements or regulations established by governmentalor certifying agencies for a particular crop.

[0185] While the invention has been described as having the computer 56onboard the tractor 50, it will be appreciated that the computer may beonboard the combine, the container cart or the grain cart.

[0186] The method and system of the invention may pertain to any ofvarious stages of agricultural production, distribution, transportation,handling, storage, processing, and consumption from the planting stagethrough harvest. The method and system can extend forward in time, totrace seed production prior to planting and later in time, to trace theharvested crop through processing stages and to the ultimate consumer,while providing crop identity and production information to the cropprocessors and to the consumer.

[0187] The method can also be extended beyond crop productioninformation to include collecting processing and manufacturinginformation from downstream users of the crop. After processing, theprocessed crop is placed in one or more containers each having acontainer identifier that is electronically received and stored in thedatabase and associated with the collective data profile. The above isrepeated for subsequent processors with all or part of the collectivedata profile delivered to each downstream processor. The processed cropis ultimately delivered to a processor or manufacturer of a final cropproduct that also receives all or part of the collective data profile.Manufacturing information regarding the manufacture of a final cropproduct is electronically received and stored along with a packagingidentifier for the final crop product. This information is also added tothe collective data profile.

[0188] The consumer of the final product can use the packagingidentifier, such as a UPC barcode, together with a production lotnumber, or a unique package identifier in an electronic product codeembedded in an RF tag to gain access to all or part of the collectivedata profile. Access by the consumer can occur via a network, such asthe Internet, using a personal computer or at a terminal in the retailoutlet. The information may include an ingredient list, location wherethe crop ingredients were produced, and the chemicals, fertilizers,insecticide, etc. applied to the crop. One use of this information bythe consumer may be to avoid ingredients, additives, chemicals, etc. towhich the consumer may be allergic.

[0189] While the invention is largely described in the context of annualplanting of a seed and harvesting a crop therefrom, the invention is notlimited to any particular type of agricultural production. The method ofthe present invention can be used with perennial plants that are notplanted for each harvest. Planting information from a perennial plant iscollected at planting and stored for later use with each crop harvest toproduce the collective data profile. In the case of existing perennialplants, plant variety, location and other planting information may becollected and stored electronically to generate the planting informationfor subsequent use of the methods of the present invention.

[0190] Having described the preferred embodiment, it will becomeapparent that various modifications can be made without departing fromthe scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

We claim:
 1. A method of tracing a crop, the method comprising:harvesting a particular crop in a defined geographic area; collectingcrop information regarding crop characteristics and electronicallystoring the crop information in data storage during or after theharvesting; segregating and maintaining the purity and integrity of theharvested particular crop from all other crops by storing the harvestedparticular crop in one or more segregated storage means for storing cropin a segregated manner, each segregated storage means having a storageidentifier; and providing an electronically accessible data profileassociated with the harvested particular crop and a correspondingstorage identifier, the data profile including the collected cropinformation.
 2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:combining the crop information with previously stored seed or seed stockplanting information to create a collective data profile in the datastorage for the harvested particular crop.
 3. The method as defined byclaim 2 wherein the previously stored seed or seed stock plantinginformation was recorded contemporaneous with planting of the seed orstock.
 4. The method as defined by claim 1 further comprising: appendingthe collected crop information with the planting information to providethe data profile based on a common geographic area common to theplanting location information and harvesting location information. 5.The method as defined by claim 1 further comprising: analyzing theharvested particular crop to identify one or more crop characteristics;and appending the analyzed crop characteristic information into the dataprofile.
 6. The method as defined by claim 1 further comprising:transmitting at least a portion of the data profile to a crop recipient,where the crop recipient receives at least one of the one or moresegregated storage means with the harvested particular crop therein. 7.The method as defined by claim 1 further comprising: collecting in adatabase processing information regarding one or more processing stepsperformed on the harvested particular crop by a crop recipient andcombining the processing information into the collective data profile.8. The method of tracing a crop as defined by claim 1 furthercomprising: electronically transmitting the data profile to one or morepotential users of the harvested particular crop.
 9. A method of tracinga crop comprising: collecting planting information of seed or seed stockand crop characteristics during or after planting of a particular cropand electronically storing the collected planting information in datastorage; segregating and maintaining the purity and integrity of theparticular crop from all other crops by storing the particular crop inone or more segregated storage means for storing crop in a segregatedmanner, each segregated storage means having a storage identifier; andproviding an electronically accessible data profile associated with theparticular crop and a corresponding storage identifier, the data profileincluding the collected planting information.
 10. The method accordingto claim 9 wherein the segregating comprises: maintaining the purity andintegrity of the particular crop from all other crops by,contemporaneously with harvesting the particular crop, placing theharvested particular crop in one or more inter-modal freight containersas the segregated storage means, each inter-modal freight containerhaving a corresponding storage identifier.
 11. The method according toclaim 9 further comprising: electronically collecting the storageidentifier contemporaneously with filling of a container, as thesegregated storage means, with the harvested particular crop andelectronically storing the storage identifier in the data storage. 12.The method as defined by claim 9 further comprising: collecting cropinformation during harvesting of the particular crop; combining theplanting information and crop information to form the data profile, theplanting information and the crop information including common locationdata during planting of the seed and harvesting of the particular crop.13. The method as defined by claim 9 further comprising: delivering atleast one or more containers, as the segregated storage means, with theharvested particular crop therein to a crop user and making at least aportion of the data profile available to the user.
 14. The method asdefined by claim 9 further comprising: delivering at least a portion ofthe data profile to a crop processor that receives at least one of theone or more containers, as the segregated storage means, with theharvested particular crop therein.
 15. The method as defined by claim 14further comprising: appending processing information to the dataprofile, the processing information regarding one or more processingsteps performed by the crop processor; recording a container identifierfor one or more containers into which the processed crop is placed; andassociating the container identifier with the data profile.
 16. Themethod as defined by claim 15 further comprising: delivering at least aportion of the data profile to a processor that receives at least one ofthe one or more containers of the harvested crop and produces a finalcrop product therefrom.
 17. The method of tracing a crop as defined byclaim 14 further comprising: appending production information to thedata profile, the production information regarding the production of afinal crop product; and appending a packaging identifier for the finalcrop product to the data profile.
 18. The method as defined by claim 14further comprising: providing at least a portion of the data profile toa consumer of the final crop product.
 19. A system of tracing a crop thesystem comprising: a location-determining receiver adapted to be usedduring one of a planting and harvesting operation to receive signals fordetermining planting location data and a harvesting location data forthe particular crop to define a defined geographic area for theparticular crop; a data storage device for storing, in a data storage,at least one of crop information, planting information, plantinglocation data, growing information, harvesting information, harvestinglocation data, chemical information, weather information, processinginformation, manufacturing information, and retail information relatedto the particular crop; an arranger for arranging the stored informationfor the particular crop associated with the defined geographic area toprovide a data profile for the particular crop; and an assignment modulefor associating a storage identifier with the data profile for theparticular crop, where the storage identifier identifies at least one ofa container and a segregated storage bin for holding the particular cropfor a tracked time duration.
 20. The system according to claim 19further comprising: a data management system for making available atleast a portion of the data profile to a crop recipient that receivesthe particular crop; and a transmitter for transmitting the data profileand its associated storage identifier to the data management system. 21.The system according to claim 19 further comprising: a plantinginformation input device for gathering the planting information, theplanting information comprising at least seed or seed stock informationabout seed or seed stock planted at the planting location.
 22. Thesystem according to claim 19 further comprising: at least one sensor forthe collecting at least one of the harvesting information and the cropinformation about the particular crop during or after harvesting. 23.The system according to claim 19 further comprising: a containeridentification device for obtaining a storage identifier of a storagevolume that receives harvested crop.
 24. The system according to claim19 further comprising: an information transfer device for transferringone or more of the following to a data processing system remote from thearranger: the planting location data, the harvesting location data, theplanting information, the harvesting information, the crop information,and the storage identifier.
 25. A system for tracing a crop, the systemcomprising: an agricultural machine for performing agricultural workassociated with a particular crop in a defined geographic area; a datastorage device; a data collection interface for collecting cropinformation regarding crop characteristics of the particular crop and astorage identifier of a storage volume for storing the particular crop;the data collection interface electronically storing the cropinformation in the data storage device during or after performance ofthe agricultural work; an information transfer device for facilitatingtransfer of an electronic data profile associated with the particularcrop, the data profile including the collected crop information; and alocation-determining receiver adapted to be mounted to the agriculturalmachine to receive one or more electromagnetic signals for determining ageographic location of the receiver to facilitate collection of at leastone of planting location data and harvesting location data associatedwith the collected crop information.
 26. The system according to claim25 further comprising: a data input device for collecting cropinformation, the crop information comprising at least one of plantinginformation, growing information, harvesting information, adjacent cropinformation, and weather information,
 27. The system according to claim25 wherein the information transfer device comprises a transmitter fortransmitting the electronic data profile to a data management system.28. The system according to claim 25 wherein the agricultural machinecomprises a machine selected from the group consisting of a harvester, atractor, a planter, a planting machine, a harvesting machine, a picker,mower, a combine and a thresher.
 29. The system according to claim 25further comprising: at least one sensor adapted to be mounted to theagricultural machine to collect harvesting information including one ofharvested crop information and agricultural machine component settings.30. The system according to claim 25 wherein the data collectioninterface is further configured for collecting seed information andharvesting information associated with the particular crop and whereininformation transfer device is arranged to transfer the collected seedinformation and collected harvesting information to a data processingsystem remotely situated from the agricultural machine.
 31. The systemaccording to claim 25 further comprising: a container identificationdevice for obtaining a storage identifier of at least one of a storagevolume, a container, and a segregated storage bin that receives cropharvested by the agricultural machine.
 32. The system as defined byclaim 31 wherein the information transfer device is a wirelesstransmitter.
 33. The system as defined by claim 25 wherein theinformation transfer device is a portable storage medium for storingdata.
 34. The system as defined by claim 25 where thelocation-determining receiver comprises a global positioning receiverwith differential correction for guiding the agricultural machine in agenerally linear manner in a series of substantially parallel rows. 35.A data management system for tracing a crop, the data managementcomprising: a data manager for storing data profiles of particular cropsassociated with corresponding geographic areas; a data receiver forreceiving a storage identifier and a request for data profileinformation related to a particular crop associated with thecorresponding storage identifier; a data retriever for retrieving atleast a portion of the requested information; and a data transmitter foroutputting the at least a portion of the requested information.
 36. Thedata management system according to claim 35 wherein the data retrieveruses location data associated with the storage identifier to findrelated planting data and related harvesting data for the particularcrop from a defined geographic area.
 37. The system as defined by claim35 wherein the request requests at least one of production information,processing information, manufacturing information, retail information,and packaging information related to the particular crop associated withcorresponding storage identifier; the retriever retrieving at least aportion of the information for submission to the transmitter fortransmission to a requester.